Medipreneur Co., Ltd.
Based on Clinical Trials | 2020–2026

Summary of Human Studies
on NMN

We have organized findings from human studies on NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide) in an easy-to-understand format, covering glucose metabolism, physical performance, sleep, vascular health, energy metabolism, safety, and other areas.

Conceptual illustration of the relationship between NMN and NAD+
7Research Topics
2020-2026Study Period
HumanFocus on Human Studies
NAD+Related to Energy Metabolism

What You Will Learn on This Page

  • Changes in NAD-related markers associated with NMN intake
  • Research findings on physical performance, walking ability, sleep, and fatigue
  • Research trends in safety, vascular health, and the gut microbiome
  • Important points to consider when interpreting the research
NAD

What Is NAD?

NAD is a substance naturally present in the body. It plays an important role in converting nutrients from food into energy. NMN is being studied as a precursor used by the body to produce NAD.

NMNPrecursor
NAD+Naturally occurring in the body
EnergyInvolved in metabolism
Health maintenanceSubject of research

NMN Research by Topic

The illustrations in each study card are conceptual diagrams designed to help general readers understand the outcomes assessed and findings reported in the research.

01

Glucose Metabolism and Diabetes

2021

Study in Women With Slightly Elevated Blood Glucose Levels

Study Overview

This study examined whether NMN affects how insulin, the hormone that lowers blood glucose, works in the body.

Reported Findings

In a study of women with prediabetes, continued NMN intake increased the ability of skeletal muscle to use glucose from the blood for energy.

The study also found activation of biological pathways involved in glucose metabolism, suggesting that NMN may help support healthy glucose metabolism.

Illustration of the Reported Findings
NMN IntakeNMN Supplementation
Increase in NAD+A substance involved in energy production
In Skeletal Muscle
Insulin Action
Helps muscles take up glucose from the blood
Association With Glucose MetabolismRelated to blood glucose regulation
Publication: Nicotinamide mononucleotide increases muscle insulin sensitivity in prediabetic women|Mihoko Yoshino
2023

Study in Older Adults With Diabetes

Study Overview

This study examined the effects of NMN on physical function in older adults with diabetes and impaired physical performance.

Reported Findings

Assessments of physical function, including muscle strength and walking ability, showed no substantial overall changes, although some measures showed a trend toward improvement. Blood tests also confirmed increases in NAD+-related metabolites, indicating that NMN was absorbed and utilized in the body. These findings suggest that NMN may be safe for older adults to consume and may help support health maintenance and physical function.

Illustration of the Reported Findings
Physical FitnessPhysical Function
WalkingMobility
Daily LifeActivities of Daily Living
The study examined the relationship between NMN and physical function in older adults with diabetes.
Publication: Effects of nicotinamide mononucleotide on older patients with diabetes and impaired physical performance|Hiroshi Akasaka
02

Physical Performance, Muscle Function, and Fitness

2021

Study in Amateur Runners

Study Overview

This study examined whether NMN intake affects endurance during exercise.

Reported Findings

In a study of amateur runners, six weeks of NMN supplementation improved the body’s ability to use oxygen efficiently during exercise and improved measures related to endurance. These findings suggest that NMN may help support the maintenance and improvement of exercise performance and endurance.

Illustration of the Reported Findings
Endurance
Exercise Reserve
An association with aerobic capacity in amateur runners was reported.
Publication: Nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation enhances aerobic capacity in amateur runners|Bagen Liao
2024

Study of Walking Ability, Physical Fitness, and Sleep in Older Adults

Study Overview

This study examined how NMN intake affects NAD levels, walking speed, and sleep quality.

Reported Findings

In a study of older adults, continued NMN intake increased NAD levels in the body. The study also reported maintenance of walking speed, which tends to decline with age, and improvements in sleep quality. These findings suggest that NMN may help maintain healthy physical function and support activity in daily life.

Illustration of the Reported Findings
NAD-Related Markers
Walking Speed
Sleep Quality
Changes were observed across several measures, including blood NAD levels, walking, and sleep.
Publication: Ingestion of β-nicotinamide mononucleotide increased blood NAD levels, maintained walking speed, and improved sleep quality in older adults|Masashi Morifuji
2026

Study of Changes in Muscle After Exercise

Study Overview

This study examined the effects of NMN on muscle responses after training performed with mild blood-flow restriction.

Reported Findings

In a study of healthy adults, the group receiving NMN showed reductions in markers associated with muscle inflammation after exercise. Favorable changes were also observed in biological responses related to muscle recovery, suggesting that NMN may reduce the physical burden associated with exercise. These findings suggest that NMN may help support post-exercise conditioning and muscle recovery.

Illustration of the Reported Findings
ExerciseMuscle LoadAssessment of Inflammatory Responses
Changes in muscle status after blood-flow-restriction exercise were evaluated.
Publication: Anti-inflammatory effects of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) in human skeletal muscle after BFR-exercise|Dai-Lin Yang
03

Sleep, Fatigue, and Quality of Life

2022

Twelve-Week Study in Older Japanese Adults

Study Overview

Participants took NMN for 12 weeks, and the study assessed its effects on sleep, fatigue, and physical performance.

Reported Findings

In a study of older Japanese adults, 12 weeks of continued NMN intake was associated with improvements in sleep quality and daytime drowsiness. The study also reported findings suggesting reduced fatigue and maintenance of physical function, indicating that NMN may help support activity in daily life. These findings suggest that NMN may help maintain health and improve quality of life in older adults.

Illustration of the Reported Findings
SleepSleep-Quality Measures
FatigueSelf-Reported Measures
Physical FitnessPhysical Function
Several measures related to quality of life were assessed after 12 weeks of intake.
Publication: Effect of 12-Week Intake of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide on Sleep Quality, Fatigue, and Physical Performance in Older Japanese Adults|Mijin Kim
2024

Study of Sleep in Older Adults

Study Overview

This study examined the relationship between NMN intake and sleep quality.

Reported Findings

In a study of older adults, the group receiving NMN showed increased NAD levels in the body, maintenance of walking speed, and improved sleep quality. Favorable changes were observed particularly in measures related to daily activity and the quality of rest, suggesting that NMN may help support a healthy lifestyle.

Illustration of the Reported Findings
Sleep Quality
Changes in sleep-related measures were reported in older adults.
Publication: Ingestion of β-nicotinamide mononucleotide increased blood NAD levels, maintained walking speed, and improved sleep quality in older adults|Masashi Morifuji
04

Vascular and Arterial Health

2023

Study of Arterial Flexibility

Study Overview

This study examined the effects of NMN intake on energy metabolism and vascular health.

Reported Findings

In a study of middle-aged and older adults, long-term NMN intake increased NAD-related metabolites in the body. Favorable changes were also observed in markers related to arterial flexibility, suggesting that NMN may help maintain vascular health, which tends to decline with age. These findings suggest that NMN may help maintain healthy vascular function.

Illustration of the Reported Findings
NMN IntakeNAD MetabolismAssociation With Vascular Health
The relationship between NMN intake and markers of arterial flexibility was investigated.
Publication: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism and arterial stiffness after long-term nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation|Takeshi Katayoshi
05

Aging and Energy Metabolism

2020

Early Study in Healthy Japanese Men

Study Overview

This study examined changes in clinical laboratory results and metabolites after NMN intake.

Reported Findings

In a study of healthy Japanese men, no serious adverse events were observed following NMN intake, and no major safety concerns were identified. NAD-related metabolites also increased after NMN intake, indicating that the ingested NMN was utilized in the body. These findings suggest that NMN may be safe to consume and may help support the availability of NAD, which is involved in maintaining normal bodily functions.

Illustration of the Reported Findings
IntakeNMN
MeasurementBlood Tests and Other Assessments
EvaluationSafety
Basic changes in the body after NMN intake were assessed in healthy Japanese men.
Publication: Effect of oral administration of nicotinamide mononucleotide on clinical parameters and nicotinamide metabolite levels in healthy Japanese men|Junichiro Irie
2023

Study of Health Maintenance in Middle-Aged and Older Adults

Study Overview

This study evaluated the effects and safety of different NMN intake levels.

Reported Findings

In a study of healthy middle-aged and older adults, continued NMN intake was associated with improvements in measures of muscle strength and physical function. No serious adverse events were observed during the study, and the safety findings were favorable. These results suggest that NMN may help maintain physical function with age and support healthy daily living.

Illustration of the Reported Findings
Energy-Related Measures
Physical Function
The effects and safety of different intake levels were evaluated.
Publication: The efficacy and safety of β-nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation in healthy middle-aged adults|Lin Yi
2023

Study of Changes in NAD Levels

Study Overview

This study examined how NMN intake affects NAD, an important substance involved in the body’s energy production.

Reported Findings

In a study of middle-aged and older adults, NMN intake substantially increased NAD-related metabolites in the body. No serious adverse events were observed during the study, and favorable safety findings were reported. These findings suggest that NMN may help support NAD levels, which are thought to decline with age, and may contribute to health maintenance.

Publication: MIB-626, an Oral Formulation of β-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide… increases circulating NAD|Karol M. Pencina
06

Safety

2022

Safety Evaluation in Healthy Adult Men and Women

Study Overview

This study assessed whether NMN intake caused any health concerns.

Reported Findings

In a study of healthy adult men and women, NMN intake was not associated with serious adverse events or major health concerns. Blood tests and physical examinations also identified no safety-related abnormalities, and the study reported favorable safety findings. These results suggest that NMN may be safe for healthy adults to consume.

Illustration of the Reported Findings
AdultsMen and Women
IntakeNMN
AssessmentSafety
Safety was evaluated in healthy adult men and women.
Publication: Safety evaluation of β-nicotinamide mononucleotide oral administration in healthy adult men and women|Yuichiro Fukamizu
07

Gut Health and Physiological Balance

2026

Study of the Internal Environment and Gut Microbiome

Study Overview

This study examined how energy-related compounds, including NMN, affect metabolites in the body and the activity of gut microorganisms.

Reported Findings

In a study of healthy adults, intake of NAD precursors, including NMN, increased NAD-related metabolites in the body. The study also found that the compounds differed in how they were processed and utilized, and showed that NMN can be effectively used as one of the precursors for NAD production. These findings suggest that NMN may help maintain NAD levels in the body and support health maintenance.

Illustration of the Reported Findings
NAD+ BoostersCirculating NADAssociation With the Gut Microbiome
A comparison of several compounds examined their effects on metabolites in the body and the gut microbiome.
Publication: The differential impact of three different NAD+ boosters on circulatory NAD and microbial metabolism in humans|Christen S

Overall Summary

Research on NMN has expanded in recent years because NMN is related to NAD, a substance required for energy production in the body. Since 2020, studies have examined how NMN intake affects healthy adults, older adults, people with slightly elevated blood glucose levels, and other populations.

Studies to date have reported increases in NAD-related markers and changes in a range of measures relevant to daily life, including exercise endurance, walking ability, sleep quality, and fatigue.

However, some of these studies involved small numbers of participants or short study periods. Their findings do not show that everyone will experience the same changes. NMN has not been established as a treatment for any specific disease and remains under investigation.

About the Illustrations

The illustrations in each study card are conceptual diagrams intended to explain the outcomes assessed and findings reported in the research. They do not represent actual measurements or the magnitude of any effect.

Important Information

This page provides information about research on NMN. It is not intended for the diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of any disease. If you have concerns about your health, are currently receiving medical treatment, or are taking medication, consult a physician or other qualified healthcare professional before taking NMN.

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